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Molecular studies of stuttering indicate that some genes seem to have a strong effect on developmental persistent stuttering.
Current definitions of ‘Technology’ refer to both the application of machines and devices, as well as to the actual machines and devices themselves. To illustrate the difference with reference to stuttering treatment, examples of the former include information technology and communication technology, and examples of individual devices include altered auditory feedback equipment and instruments used to measure stuttering.
Read more: Elizabeth Harrison: Technology in Stuttering Treatment
The complex and idiosyncratic phenomenology of developmental stuttering suggests the influence of an intricate interaction between neural, behavioural and environmental variables, which results in the onset, development, maintenance or recovery of this speech fluency disorder.
Read more: Luc De Nil: Multiple facets of stuttering: insights from brain and behavioural research
Stuttering is a universal disorder that occurs in all languages and cultures.
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